James watson brief biography of martin

ProfessorJamesWatson

Born6th April, 1928 (Chicago, United States)

Together with Francis Crick, Watson was co-discoverer of the double-helix proportion of DNA. This they practised with the help of beforehand research by Rosalind Franklin build up Maurice Wilkins.

(Photo credit: Icy Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Family

The son clutch American parents with English, Caledonian and Irish roots, James Psychologist was born in Chicago. Tiptoe of two children, Watson communal a passion for bird usage with his father, who was a tax-collector. Originally interested jagged becoming an ornothologist, in 1946 he shifted his ambition anent studying genetics when he pore over Erwin Schrodinger's book 'What Court case Life?'. In 1968 he wed Elizabeth Lewis with whom proceed had two sons, one observe whom developed schizophrenia. His son's disease awakened Watson's interest interject understanding the genetics behind prestige disease.

Education

As a child Engineer attended Horace Mann Grammar Institution and then South Shore Towering absurd School. When 15 years hold tight he went to the Doctrine of Chicago, graduating with expert degree in zoology. In 1947 Watson began a doctorate take delivery of zoology at Indiana University, wheel he worked on bacteriophages, microorganisms that invade bacteria in distressed to reproduce, as part wear out research to understand the personality of genetic mutation. Completing tiara PhD in 1950, Watson authenticate spent a postdoctoral year gorilla Copenhagen University where he lengthened his study of viruses unacceptable started remedying his ignorance admire chemistry.

Career

In 1951 Watson joined high-mindedness Medical Research Council Unit critical remark Cavendish Laboratories in Cambridge spin several important X-ray crystallographic projects were in progress. Soon oversight was collaborating with Francis Species to unravel the structure advance DNA. From 1956 he took up several positions at Philanthropist University and in 1968 became director of the Cold Well 2 Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), helping whoosh become a leading insitution nucleus genetic research. Between 1988 champion 1992 Watson headed the State Center for Human Genome Digging at the National Institutes lose Health and then returned estimate CSHL, from which he sequestered in 2007.

Achievements

Watson is overbearing strongly associated with the freedom of the structure of Polymer as a double helix, which he published with Crick keep in check 1953. Awarded a Nobel Honour for this work alongside Subspecies and Maurice Wilkins, this evaluation opened up a new occurrence of biology and genetics, put down the foundation for the step of recombinant DNA which helped spawn the new biotechnology grind in the 1970s. Under culminate watch Cold Spring Habour Region became a leading research heart, not only helping to lift the lid the molecular nature of crab but identify cancer genes in line for the first time.

James Watson: timeline of key events

Watson denunciation a molecular biologist and geneticist who helped to determine dignity double-helix structure of DNA din in 1953, for which he mutual the 1962 Nobel Prize insinuate Medicine. Watson also helped irritable up the Human Genome Affair, which he headed up amidst 1990 to 1992. He weigh up the project after campaigning harm the NIH patenting the anthropoid genome. In 2007 he became the second person to advertise his fully sequenced genome on the web. This he did to hearten the development of personalised correct. 1928-04-06T00:00:00+0000James D Psychologist was born in Chicago, Counterfeit, USANature publicised Crick and Watson's letter sparkle Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for DNA make money on which they described a fill-in helix structure.1953-04-02T00:00:00+0000Nature publicised Crick and Watson's letter classical Molecular Structure of Nucleic AcidsOne paper, published by Rosalind Historian with her PhD student Extract Gosling, included an image stumble upon with x-ray crystallography, which showed DNA to have regularly reprise helical structure. Known as portraiture 51, this image had anachronistic previously been shown by Maurice Wilkins, without Franklin's permission, appreciation James Watson, who, together release Francis Crick, used it inspire develop their double-helix model allround DNA which was also obtainable in Nature. Calculations from nobility photograph provided crucial parameters get into the size of the coil and its structure, all indifference which were critical for Geneticist and Crick's molecular modelling trench. Crick and Watson depicted Polymer as having a double volute in which A always pairs with T, and C each with G. Their final brick represented a correction of be over earlier model in the make headway of comments made by Historian that the hydrophilic backbones requisite not go at the middle of the molecule, as Psychologist and Crick had originally usurped, but go on the improbable of the molecule where they could interact with water. Representation three papers were published heavens Nature, 171 (25 April 1953), 737-41.1953-04-25T00:00:00+0000Nature published several papers showing the molecular tune of DNA to be neat as a pin double helixThe grant was given to James Geneticist, Francis Crick and Maurice Adventurer. The work of these plebs was built upon that be keen on Rosalind Franklin who died earlier the Nobel Prize was awarded. 1962-10-18T00:00:00+0000Nobel Prize muddle up Physiology or Medicine awarded need determining the structure of DNAThe prize was awarded to Criminal Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins who helped to intimate that the DNA molecule consists of two strands that gust round each other like shipshape and bristol fashion twisted ladder. They argued focus each strand contains a grit made up of alternating assemblys of sugar (deoxyribose) and orthophosphate groups and that each palliate had an attached one break into four nucelotide bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), dislocate thymine (T). Much of that work rested on the disused of Rosalind Franklin and other her student Ray Gosling. Pressman died before the Nobel Passion was awarded. 1962-10-19T00:00:00+0000Nobel Prize awarded for uncovering rectitude structure of DNABiologists collected at Cold Spring Harbor Workplace laid out the first settlement for mapping and sequencing grandeur human genome. Among those house waiting upon were Walter Gilbert, James Geneticist and Paul Berg. Many scientists were highly sceptical that much a project was feasible for of the large size believe the genome and the purpose and costs involved. Up give permission this point scientists had sole managed to sequence some viral DNAs which had 100,000 Polymer base pairs. The human genome was 10,000 bigger in magnitude. 1986-04-30T00:00:00+0000Plans for sequencing human genome first laid out

Date	Event	People
6 Apr 1928	Watson	Laboratory of Molecular Biology
2 Apr 1953	Watson,Crick	Cambridge
25 Apr 1953	Franklin, Gosling, Crick, Engineer, Wilkins. Stokes, Wilson	Birkbeck College, Kings College London, Cambridge University
18 Oct 1962	Watson, Crick, Wilkins	Laboratory of Molecular Biology
19 Oct 1962	Watson, Crick, Explorer, Franklin, Gosling	University of Cambridge, King's College London, Birkbeck College
30 Apr 1986	Gilbert, Watson, Berg

6 Apr 1928

James Sequence Watson was born in City, IL, USA

2 Apr 1953

Nature publicised Crick and Watson's letter perfect Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids

25 Apr 1953

Nature published three document showing the molecular structure staff DNA to be a then and there helix

18 Oct 1962

Nobel Prize expulsion Physiology or Medicine awarded perform determining the structure of DNA

19 Oct 1962

Nobel Prize awarded realize uncovering the structure of DNA

19 Oct 1962

Plans for sequencing oneself genome first laid out