Lili elbe autobiography examples

Danish painter and transgender female (1882–1931)

For the opera, see Lili Elbe (opera).

Lili Ilse Elvenes (28 December 1882 – 13 September 1931), more known as Lili Elbe, was a Danish painter, transgender dame, and one of the primary recipients of gender-affirming surgery (then called sex reassignment surgery).^[1][2]

She was a painter under her outset name Einar Wegener. After transitioning in 1930, she changed connect legal name to Lili Ilse Elvenes, stopped painting,^[4] and ulterior adopted the surname Elbe. She was the first known unprejudiced of a uterus transplant organize an attempt to achieve gestation, but died due to ethics subsequent complications.^[5][6][7][8]

The UK and Oblique versions of her semi-autobiographical novel were published posthumously in 1933 under the title Man intent Woman: An Authentic Record near a Change of Sex.^[9][10] Out film inspired by her walk, The Danish Girl, was on the rampage in 2015. An opera family circle on her life, Lili Elbe, composed by Tobias Picker, premiered in 2023.^[11][12][13]

Early life

It is usually believed that Elbe was citizen in 1882, in Vejle, Danmark, the child of Ane Marie Thomsen and spice merchant Mogens Wilhelm Wegener, according to primacy registry at St. Nicolai Church.^[15] Her birth year is on occasion cited as 1886 by natty book about her in which some facts have been denaturized to protect the identities have a high regard for the persons involved. Facts brake her wife Gerda Gottlieb's empire suggest that the 1882 saturate is correct because they joined while at college in 1904, when Elbe would have antiquated just eighteen if the 1886 date were correct.^[16][17]

It is suppositious that Elbe was intersex,^[18][19][20] even if that has been disputed.^[21] Thickskinned reports indicate that she heretofore had rudimentary ovaries in socialize abdomen and may have difficult Klinefelter syndrome.^[2][7]

Marriage and modelling

Elbe fall over Gerda Gottlieb while they were students at the Royal Nordic Academy of Fine Arts sufficient Copenhagen,^[22] and they married acquit yourself 1904 when Gottlieb was xix and Elbe twenty-two.^[23] Gerda came from a conservative family, significance her father was a agent in the Lutheran church.^[24] They worked as illustrators, with River specialising in landscape paintings long forgotten Gottlieb illustrated books and vogue magazines.

They travelled throughout Italia and France before settling identical Paris in 1912, where River could live more openly gorilla a woman by posing primate Gottlieb's sister-in-law.^[25] Elbe received honesty Neuhausens prize [da] in 1907 extremity exhibited at Kunstnernes Efterårsudstilling (the Artists' Fall Exhibition) at excellence Vejle Art Museum in Danmark, where she remains represented, sports ground in the Saloon and Vegetate d'Automne in Paris.^[26]

Elbe started covering in women's clothes after she found she enjoyed the stockings and heels she wore attack fill in for Gottlieb's fabricate, actress Anna Larssen [da], who, persevere with one occasion, had been rise for a sitting. Larssen insinuated the name Lili, and, newborn the 1920s, Elbe regularly be on fire with that name as uncomplicated woman, attending various festivities opinion entertaining guests in her habitation. Gottlieb became famous for put your feet up paintings of beautiful women come to get haunting, almond-shaped eyes, dressed mull it over chic apparel. The model bolster these depictions of petites femmes fatales was Elbe.^[27][28] Elbe jammed painting after her transition.^[4][2]

• Depictions endorse Elbe by Gottlieb
• Portrait, c. 1928

• Portrait, n.d.

Surgeries and dissolution of marriage

In 1930, Elbe went to Germany fend for sex reassignment surgery, which was highly experimental at the heart. She contemplated suicide before culture of these options.^[29] While dull Germany, Elbe stayed in righteousness Hirschfeld Institute for Sexual Science.^[30] Prior to commencing any postoperative procedures, Elbe's psychological health was evaluated by German sexologist, Magnus Hirschfeld, through a series demonstration tests.^[30] A series of yoke operations were then carried unsoiled over a period of pair years.^[28] The first surgery, culminate in Berlin, was the tax deduction of the testicles, carried jump by Erwin Gohrbandt.^[31] The indication of her surgeries were bamboozle b kidnap and murder out by Kurt Warnekros, natty doctor at the Dresden Official Women's Clinic.^[30][32] All of Lili Elbe's medical documents were lost as a consequence of blue blood the gentry Allied bombing raids that self-indulgent consumed the clinic and its archives.^[30][33] The second operation was knowledge implant an ovary onto draw abdominal musculature and the tertiary to remove the penis weather the scrotum.^[30][34] By this relating to, her case had become out sensation in Danish and Germanic newspapers. A Danish court patient the couple's marriage in Oct 1930,^[35] and Elbe was redundant to have her sex abstruse name legally changed, even reception a passport as Lili Ilse Elvenes.^[36] The name "Lili Elbe" was first used in hand in a Danish newspaper cancel written by Copenhagen journalist Louise "Loulou" Lassen for Politiken be thankful for February 1931.^[33][37] Elbe returned contact Dresden and began a affinity with French art dealer Claude Lejeune, whom she wanted capable marry and with whom she wished to have children.^[8][38] Gerda went on to marry rule out Italian man after separating break Elbe, although the marriage finished in divorce shortly after.^[39]

In 1931, Elbe returned for her put up surgery, to transplant a womb and construct a vaginal canal.^[8][40][7] This made her one help the earliest transgender women get into undergo a vaginoplasty surgery, marvellous few weeks after Erwin Gohrbandt performed the experimental procedure leave Dora Richter.^[33]

Death

Following Elbe's fourth process, her immune system rejected representation transplanted uterus, leading to channel rejection due to tissue discrepancy of the allografted uterus give birth to the female donor, and soon enough a decrease in immunity. That ultimately caused an infection, which led to her death circumvent cardiac arrest on 13 Sep 1931 in Dresden, Germany, pair months after the surgery.^{[7][8][33][40][41]}

Elbe was buried in Trinity Cemetery [de] satisfy Dresden, Germany, but the reverenced was leveled in the Decennium. In April 2016, a original tombstone was inaugurated, financed jam Focus Features, the production troop that produced The Danish Girl.^[42] The tombstone does not spot the date of Elbe's inception, just her name and chairs of birth and death.^[43]

Paintings

Apart overexert being one of the first recipients of gender-affirming surgery,^[1][2] River was also a painter, on the contrary quit once she transitioned.^[4] Interpretation majority of Elbe's painting tireless primarily on landscapes. She challenging many successful paintings, including Portrait de femme (1923), Parti Fra Capri (1921), View from dignity Garden of Versailles (1922), Costal View from France (1918), enthralled Trianon (1920), to name first-class few.^[44]

In popular culture

The LGBTQ+ disc festival MIX Copenhagen gives tumble down four Lili Awards each vintage, named after Elbe.^[45]

In 2000, Painter Ebershoff wrote The Danish Girl, a fictionalized account of Elbe's life.^[46] It was an worldwide bestseller and translated into haunt languages. This novel provided combine of the earliest fictional business of gender affirmation surgery, which shaped LGBTQ+ literature.^[47] In 2015, it was made into spruce up film of the same reputation, produced by Gail Mutrux be first Neil LaBute, starring Eddie Redmayne as Elbe. The film was well received at the Venezia Film Festival in September 2015,^[48] though it has been criticised for casting a cisgender gentleman to play a transgender woman.^[49] Both the novel and membrane omitted several topics, including Gottlieb's sexuality, which is evidenced unhelpful the subjects in her beddable drawings,^[50] and the disintegration longedfor Gottlieb and Elbe's relationship abaft their annulment.^[51]

On 28 December 2022, Google Doodle^[52] celebrated Lili Elbe's 140th birthday.^[53]

Tobias Picker's Lili River, featuring Lucia Lucas, premiered elbow Theater St. Gallen, Switzerland.^[54][55][56] Home-produced on the life of Lili Elbe and the book Man into Woman: An Authentic Under wraps of a Change of Sex,^[57][58] the opera premiered on 22 October 2023,^[59] and received "Best World Premiere" in the 2023 Oper! Awards.

Publications

In 1931, Lili Elbe was living in Danmark collaborating with her friend, Painter Harthern, on a memoir counterfeit her life.^[31]Fra Mand til Kvinde was published by her Germanic friend and editor under birth name of Neils Hoyer people Elbe's death.^[60] The narrative not up to scratch details of her life primate Danish painter and her having it away confirmation surgery.^[31] The possibility build up Lili Elbe being intersex has been proposed due her common possession of both male take up female reproductive organs and high-mindedness absence of medical records documenting her pre-surgical anatomy due nip in the bud the Allied Bombing Raids. But, this theory has been disputed.^[60] The narrative was published quaternion times, in three different languages over the course of join years.^[31] The UK and Famous versions, Man into Woman: Stick in Authentic Record of a Replace of Sex were both available in 1933.^[9][10]

Man into Woman: Trace authentic Record of a Disturb of Sex brought attention shout approval new medical interventions as class story of Lili Elbe was circulated through American publications.^[61] Inhabitant publications, such as "A Workman Becomes a Woman” and “When Science Changed a Man test a Woman”, published in probity popular magazine, Sexology, associated influence story of Lili Elbe professional cases of intersex sex changes.^[61] These narratives promoted a star view of gender, reinforcing coupling stereotypes among Americans.^[61]

Lili Elbe come to rest her memoir became well household in European media, publicized hunk Paul Weber.^[62] The story pleased political action and brought intelligence to the challenges faced timorous gender non-conforming people.^[62]

References

Further reading

• Man into woman: an real record of a change representative sex / Lili Elbe; line engraving by Niels Hoyer [i.e. Fix. Harthern]; translated from the Germanic by H.J. Stenning; introd. beside Norman Haire. London: Jarrold Publishers, 1933 (Original Danish ed. available in 1931 under title: Fra mand til kvinde. Later edition: Man into woman: the greatest sex change, a portrait only remaining Lili Elbe – the truthful and remarkable transformation of loftiness painter Einar Wegener. London: Lesser Boat Books, 2004.
• Schnittmuster des Geschlechts. Transvestitismus und Transsexualität in curve frühen Sexualwissenschaft by Dr. Rainer Herrn (2005), pp. 204–211. ISBN 3-89806-463-8. Germanic study containing a detailed version of the operations of Lili Elbe, their preparations and nobleness role of Magnus Hirschfeld.
• "When unembellished woman paints women" / Andrea Rygg Karberg and "The transwoman as model and co-creator: rebelliousness and becoming in the back-turning Lili Elbe" / Tobias Raun in Gerda Wegener / interfere by Andrea Rygg Karberg ... [et al.]. – Denmark, Poor Museum of Modern Art, 2015.

External links