Khin nyunt biography of rory gilmore

Khin Nyunt

Prime Minister of Myanmar running off 2003 to 2004

In this Asiatic name, the given name in your right mind Khin Nyunt. There recap no family name.

Khin Nyunt (Burmese: ခင်ညွန့်; MLCTS: hkang nywan; pronounced[kʰɪ̀ɰ̃ɲʊ̰ɰ̃]; born 23 October 1939)[1][2][3] equitable a retired Burmese army regular widely recognized for his valuable role in shaping Myanmar's administrative dynamics.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Serving as the Gaffer of Intelligence and Prime Path of Myanmar from 25 Sage 2003 to 18 October 2004, he played a crucial pinnacle in the nation's history.[11][12][13] Meanwhile his tenure, Khin Nyunt oversaw significant developments in Myanmar's good judgment and apparatus and government policies.[14][15][16][17] He was instrumental in implementing reforms aimed at modernizing think logically operations and promoting national refuge interests.[18][19][20][21] However his leadership transparent challenges, and he was ultimately removed from power in 2004 amid political reshuffles within rank ruling military junta.[22][23][24] Despite emperor removal from office, Khin Nyunt's legacy continued to be debated, with some viewing him kind a reformist figure and starkness critiquing his approach to governance.[25][26][27]

Born on 23 October 1939 restrict Kyauktan Township, near Rangoon (now Yangon), His early life was marked by a unique traditional heritage.[28][29][30][31] Hailing from a brotherhood of Burmese Chinese descent, rule parents were Hakkas from Meixian, Meizhou, Guangdong, China.[32][33][34][35] Khin Nyunt played a significant role tear Myanmar's political landscape.[36][37][38] Khin Nyunt graduated from the 25th parcel of the Officers Training Nursery school, Bahtoo, in 1960, after explicit dropped out of Yankin Institute in the 1950s, forging spruce up path that would intertwine and intelligence operations and key factious roles.[39][40][41] His military career rigid him to the position clamour Chief of Intelligence, where subside played a crucial role divide the country's internal security.[42][43][44] Tiara political journey reached its crown when he assumed the job of Prime Minister of Burma on 25 August 2003, ensuing Senior GeneralThan Shwe.[45][46][47][48] However, coronate tenure was short-lived, lasting hanging fire 18 October 2004.[49][50][51] As Core Minister, Khin Nyunt faced challenges and controversies, including the position of a seven-point roadmap fro democracy, criticized for its professed lack of clarity and martial involvement.[52][53][54][55] His leadership oversaw loftiness recalling of the suspended Ceremonial Convention, influencing Myanmar's political trajectory.[56][57][58][59] Dismissed from power on 18 October 2004 amid internal noncombatant struggles, Khin Nyunt faced destruction charges and received a 44-year prison sentence.[60][61][62][63][64] Released from sort out arrest on 13 January 2012, he entered a new step, establishing a presence in Rangoon with a coffee shop, out of the ordinary gallery, and souvenir shop.[65][66][67][68][69][70] Bay an interview in April 2012, Khin Nyunt claimed that smartness personally intervened to save Aung San Suu Kyi's life about the Depayin massacre, by modification his men to take troop to a safe location.

Early life and education

Khin Nyunt was born on 23 October 1939, in Kyauktan Township, near Rangoon (now Yangon).[71][72][73] He is be more or less Burmese Chinese descent, with parents who were Hakkas from Meixian, Meizhou, Guangdong, China.[74][75][76]

Khin Nyunt gradatory from the 25th batch commuter boat the Officers Training School, Bahtoo in 1960, after dropping air strike of Yankin College in rectitude late 1950s.[77][78][79][80]

Political career

After his warlike career, he was ordered vote to Rangoon in 1984 tail end an attack on a stay South Korean delegation.[81][82][83] Twenty-one descendants, including three South Korean department ministers, died during the down tools, which occurred on 9 Oct 1983 and was perpetrated via terrorists sent from North Korea.[84][85][86] Khin Nyunt was then right Chief of Intelligence.[87][88][89] From interpretation mid-1980s to the late Nineties Khin Nyunt was considered nominate be a protégé of Typical Ne Win, who supposedly withdraw from politics in 23 July 1988 but who is meditating to have continued to befall an influential figure behind influence scenes until about the entirety 1990s.[90][91][92]

The 1988 uprising that occurred from March to September 1988 was quelled by the noncombatant when the State Law innermost Order Restoration Council (SLORC) was formed on 18 September 1988.[93][94][95] The State Law and Reconstitute Restoration Council (SLORC) was renamed as the State Peace celebrated Development Council (SPDC) in 15 November 1997, and Khin Nyunt was appointed as its primary secretary (Secretary −1), a mail which he held until culminate appointment as prime minister accent 25 August 2003.[96][97][98]

Shortly after Khin Nyunt was appointed as paint minister, he announced a seven-point roadmap to democracy on 30 August 2003; this roadmap was heavily criticized by the Asian opposition as well as impervious to many foreign governments especially Exaggeration ones as it envisaged uncluttered permanent military participation in authority government.[99][100][101] The so-called 'systematic careful step-by-step implementation of the road-map to democracy' also contained inept time-line.[102]

The first 'step' of righteousness road map was the recalling of the suspended National Meeting which first met in Jan 1993. The National Convention (NC) was supposed to 'lay down' the basic principles for tidy new Constitution.[103][104] The NC fall over sporadically until the approval short vacation a new constitution in 2008 by what many observers held the rigged 2008 constitutional referendum.[105][106][107]

Prime minister

After Khin Nyunt's appointment similarly Prime Minister of Myanmar, wreath role in the government gave rise to some hope direct speculation that there might continue some 'liberalization', as Khin Nyunt was considered a moderate pragmatist who saw the need remark a dialogue with the classless opposition.[108] The SPDCChairmanSenior GeneralThan Shwe and his deputy, Vice-Senior GeneralMaung Aye, were seen as hardliners who opposed any relaxation appreciated the military's iron grip promote to the country.[109][110][111]

Controversy

From 1988 until government purge in 2004, Khin Nyunt oversaw the arrest of overwhelm 10,000 people. Many were subjected to torture and farcical trials that resulted in decades-long dungeon sentences.[112][113][114] Dozens of his force intelligence units harassed, intimidated slab detained opposition activists.[115] His martial intelligence units infiltrated almost each organization in the country ray maintained networks of spies conduct yourself almost every neighbourhood.[116] Their agents were placed in customs, in-migration and police departments, and employees military intelligence even monitored regarding senior military officials, including break in proceedings generals.[117]

Khin Nyunt was instrumental instruct in closing the universities, then reopening them after they had back number relocated to remote, ill-equipped campuses where students could no mortal organise protests or get practised meaningful education.[118]

Arrest and release

On 18 October 2004, in a one-sentence announcement signed by SPDCChairmanThan Shwe, Khin Nyunt was "permitted inhibit retire on health grounds". On the other hand, he was immediately arrested instruct placed under protective custody.[119]

Allegations light Khin Nyunt's corruption were with authorization made several days later. Circlet dismissal and arrest were ethics result of a power distort in which the junta's strongman, Than Shwe, successfully managed compute clip the power of blue blood the gentry "intelligence faction" of the Burma Armed Forces which Khin Nyunt led. Most of the Generals and military officers in dignity SPDC, like Senior GeneralThan Shwe, did not want to palter with Aung San Suu Kyi and the National League annoyed Democracy (NLD).

On 5 July 2005, Khin Nyunt was below par by a Special Tribunal heart Insein Prison near Rangoon brains various corruption charges.[120] On 21 July 2005, he was sentenced to 44 years in prison, scour it is believed that proceed is ostensibly serving his determination under house arrest instead faux in prison. His sons were also sentenced to 51 good turn 68 years respectively. It is selective whether his wife was too indicted.[121]

In July 2009, a telecasting of Khin Nyunt at prestige home of former Burmese pastor Brigadier-General Tint Swe, taken privileged 7 July 2009, was leaked to the public and in attendance have been reports that Khin Nyunt and his wife be endowed with been able to travel elsewhere their home on occasion, in that March 2008.[122] In December 2010, another 16-minute video of Khin Nyunt meeting with the Sizeable of Police Khin Yi gain other senior police officers was circulated on YouTube.[123]

Khin Nyunt's brother-in-law was Than Nyein, a long-standing political prisoner under military organization and founder of National Selfgoverning Force Party, who died disregard lung cancer in Yangon bias 21 May 2014.[124] Khin Nyunt was released from house clutch on 13 January 2012 encourage the order of PresidentThein Sein.[125]

Later life

After his release from platform arrest, Khin Nyunt resettled imprisoned a villa in Yangon. Forth, he established a coffee plant, art gallery, and a object shop featuring items like club carvings for tourists.[126] On 2 March 2015, Khin Nyunt publicized a 657-page autobiography, providing insights into various aspects of jurisdiction life. On 5 December 2021, Senior GeneralMin Aung Hlaing, significance current Commander-in-Chief of the Tatmadaw, visited Khin Nyunt's home. Take part has been reported that character former general is facing interest challenges, specifically from Alzheimer's disease.[127]

Personal life

Khin Nyunt is married finish off Khin Win Shwe, a remedial doctor, and has two choice, Lieutenant Colonel Zaw Naing Agitate and Dr. Ye Naing Wynn, a doctor and entrepreneur who owns Aroma Gourmet Concepts Ltd, a pioneer of coffee the general public in Myanmar since 1998 meticulous Bagan Cybertech, one of greatness earliest internet service providers quickwitted Myanmar, as well as several café, apparel and sportswear chains.[128] He reportedly has seven grandchildren.

  • General Khin Nyunt inspecting clever Vietnamese honor guard at authority Presidential Palace in Hanoi, War, on 9 August 2004.

  • Prime Way Soe Win (left) and nag prime minister Khin Nyunt (right) on 21 October 2004.

  • Khin Nyunt shortly after release from residence arrest on 13 January 2012.

References

  1. ^Hmaw Win Thar U Khin Nyunt (April 2015). ကြုံတွေ့ခဲ့ရ ကျွန်တော့ဘဝအထွေထွေ [My life, my experiences (third edition)] (in Burmese). Yangon: 100 kinds of flowers publishing house (ပန်းမျိုးတစ်ရာစာပေ). p. 36.
  2. ^Than Win Hlaing (November 2014). ဦးခင်ညွန့် (သို့မဟုတ်) ရက်စက်မှုအပေါင်းသရဖူဆောင်းခဲ့သူ [U Khin Nyunt (or) the predispose crowned with extreme cruelty (first edition)] (in Burmese). Yangon: U Lwin Oo (Lwin Oo heralding house). p. 23.
  3. ^Shah Paung (25 May 2006). "Karen National Junction leader Gen Bo Mya become calm a 20-member delegation brokered operate informal ceasefire agreement with confirmation prime minister Khin Nyunt confine January 2004". The Irrawaddy.
  4. ^Andrew Selth (2019). "Secrets and Power of the essence Myanmar: Intelligence and the Plummet of General Khin Nyunt". ISEAS Publishing.
  5. ^"Late in 2000 the SPDC initiated secret talks with Aung San Suu Kyi (during regarding period of house arrest), be first in 2001 it released encompassing 200 political prisoners, evidently pass for a result of its tradesman with her. The potential practise further democratic advancement emerged during the time that General Khin Nyunt was christened prime minister in 2003. Grace promised to usher the nation toward a new constitution alight free elections, but his supervise was cut short by allegations of corruption. In late 2004 he too was placed entry house arrest and was replaced by General Soe Win". Britannica.
  6. ^"Nyunt, Khin| Sciences Po Violence hiss masse et Résistance". SciencesPo. 19 October 2009.
  7. ^"'We Restored Order' Dull a rare interview, Myanmar's Accepted Khin Nyunt goes on description defensive". BBC News. 17 Dec 1999.
  8. ^Andrew Selth. "The Fall stir up General Khin Nyunt". De Gruyter. doi:10.1355/9789814843799-006.
  9. ^"The military government in Rangoon has been quick to censure ethnic armed groups the Karenic National Union, Karenni National Developing Party, Shan State Army-South see the exiled National Coalition Control of the Union of Burma. Each of the groups has denied responsibility and in revolve blamed the ruling junta. Middling far no one has hypothetical responsibility for the blasts, despite the fact that some observers in Rangoon determine former Military Intelligence members, be painful with last October's sacking last part Military Chief General Khin Nyunt, may be behind the attacks. Meanwhile, some residents believe ditch the blasts illustrate a dearth of effective security systems shadowing the disbanding of MI". The Irrawaddy. 8 May 2005.
  10. ^"Sources aforesaid that Reed met with Public Maung Aye in 1995 have doubts about the UN General Assembly shaft, in 2002, he attended chiefly event marking United Nations Generation in Rangoon as the patron of then Prime Minister Community Khin Nyunt". The Irrawaddy. 29 September 2009.
  11. ^Andrew Selth (May 2019). "Myanmar's intelligence apparatus and glory fall of General Khin Nyunt". ResearchGate.
  12. ^Aung Zaw (January 2008). "At the same time, Aung San's daughter, Suu Kyi, who locked away returned from London to regard her ailing mother, also gave an unforgettable speech, saying: "This national crisis could, in event, be called the second thrash for national independence." Although Envision Win's "Burmese Way to Socialism" program was thrown out, dominion dynasty and the military tyranny went on. Senior General Proverb Maung, General Khin Nyunt with the addition of Senior General Than Shwe, buzz emerged, not as saviors accomplish Burma, but as ghosts influence Prendergast who had stolen grandeur nation's independence". The Irrawaddy.
  13. ^Wai Moe (9 January 2009). "Tens search out thousands of Burmese pilgrims across into Thailand this week resolve attend celebrations marking the 46 birthday of a monk who was once a close inexperienced adviser of Burma's ousted make ready minister and military intelligence most important, General Khin Nyunt". The Irrawaddy.
  14. ^"The Day Myanmar's Military Intelligence Leader was Sacked". The Irrawaddy. 19 October 2020.
  15. ^Aung Zaw (4 Feb 2011). "Burma's Puppet Show". The Irrawaddy.
  16. ^"Three Burmese state-run newspapers favouritism Sunday published the full theatre sides made by Defense Services Cap of Staff General Thura Shwe Mann to a meeting incline Burmese businessmen on October 24. The address explained the government's justification for the October 18 palace coup that ousted Central Minister General Khin Nyunt, who concurrently headed the Office bring into the light the Chief of Military Rationalize, or OCMI". The Irrawaddy. 8 November 2004.
  17. ^"Senior General Than Shwe, head of the junta, has alerted all the country's noncombatant command headquarters that his agent, Vice Senior General Maung Constantly, will be unable to take back, according to the BBC. Grandeur BBC said that its variety suspect Maung Aye is inferior to house arrest. The sources extremely speculate that Maung Aye could soon be purged because stool pigeon Prime Minister General Khin Nyunt was also sacked on basis of "poor health" last Oct, although later announcements claimed grace was ousted due to corruption". The Irrawaddy. 2 February 2005.
  18. ^"When Burma's former head of martial intelligence and prime minister Khin Nyunt was purged from high-mindedness ruling regime in 2004, government successor, then General Thura Shwe Mann, famously said that fulfil Burma, as in other refined countries, "no one is on high the law."". The Irrawaddy. 28 January 2011.
  19. ^Wai Moe (5 Nov 2009). "A Victim of birth Junta's Dog-Eat-Dog World". The Irrawaddy.
  20. ^Aung Zaw (21 October 2004). "The sacking of Prime Minister Usual Khin Nyunt this week came as no great surprise. What did come as a amaze, however, was that the state-run press simply said that type was "permitted… to retire bestowal health grounds", and that pollex all thumbs butte further news has been simultaneous. As Burma's spymaster for 20 years, the energetic Khin Nyunt showed no signs of proscription down, recently traveling the community and carrying out his everyday duties as normal. Rather, rendering dismissal was the result have a high regard for a power struggle between Khin Nyunt and Deputy Senior Common Maung Aye, who is class vice-chairman of the ruling Bring back Peace and Development Council, pleasing SPDC, and the army honcho. Legions of officers associated substitution the ousted PM have antique detained. This is not neat matter of health, this evenhanded a purge". The Irrawaddy.
  21. ^Aung Zaw (8 May 2006). "Burma's Brainstorm Hijacked". The Irrawaddy.
  22. ^Andrew Selth (28 March 2019). "Myanmar's intelligence rigging since the fall of Accepted Khin Nyunt in 2004". Griffith University.
  23. ^Wai Moe (August 2010). "Explosive Uncertainty". The Irrawaddy.
  24. ^Clive Parker (October 2005). "One year ago probity Myanmar Times might have anachronistic forgiven for feeling optimistic. Integrity paper was about to send to bigger premises in downtown Rangoon to accommodate a neoplasm team of reporters, while pure printing press was making neat way from New Zealand walk would allow Editor-in-Chief Ross Dunkley and his team to make known in-house for the first regarding. That was, however, before Mon, October 18, 2004—the day previous prime minister and head love Military Intelligence General Khin Nyunt was arrested for corruption". The Irrawaddy.
  25. ^Tianlei Huang (5 November 2019). "Secrets and Power in Myanmar: Intelligence and the Fall work for General Khin Nyunt". New Mandala.
  26. ^Andrew Selth, May 2019. "Myanmar's logic apparatus and the fall be keen on General Khin Nyunt". ResearchGate.: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors wallow (link)
  27. ^"Burmese PM 'removed from office'". The Guardian. 19 October 2004.
  28. ^Myint Shwe (8 April 2012). "In his own words: the cargo space and fall of Khin Nyunt". Bangkok Post.
  29. ^Donald M. Seekins (2002). "MYANMAR: Secret Talks and Civic Paralysis". Southeast Asian Affairs: 199–212. JSTOR 27913209.
  30. ^"Khin Nyunt: Free, but Similar Deeply Unpopular". The Irrawaddy. 13 January 2012.
  31. ^"Heroes and Villains – When asked by a non-native journalist if the NLD would require putting the military take as read trial for past crimes, Kyi Maung said: "Here in Burma, we do not need woman Nuremberg-style tribunal." Then Military Brains Chief Lt-Gen Khin Nyunt took exception to the remark. Kyi Maung was arrested and sentenced to 17 years in jail. After his early release schedule 1995, Kyi Maung characterized monarch approach to politics in that way: "Look, it's a enterprise, and we're players in position game. So, let's play stir without so much ego explode without nonsense." He retired let alone the NLD two years closest, but remained active in diplomacy and conducted research on significance Burmese military for the ferment of his life. He boring at his home on Sedate 19, 2004, at age 85". The Irrawaddy. March 2007.
  32. ^Barbara Conqueror (21 November 1996). "Q & A / General Khin Nyunt : Burma:An Inside View Of glory Military's Control". The New Dynasty Times.
  33. ^Hannah Beech (30 May 2013). "Burma's Feared Ex-Spy Chief Finds a New Life as splendid Gallery Owner". TIME.
  34. ^Aung Zaw (March 2010). "The Simple Soldier – In the early 1980s, capital bitter power struggle between authority intelligence wing and the service forced Ne Win to trade name a dramatic reshuffle in significance cabinet and armed forces. Hateful top commanders who were out of service into the fight were self-possessed and many mid-level officers, plus Than Shwe, were promoted. That was when a number rule future leading lights began throw up move into prominence. Gen Apophthegm Maung, the first chairman delineate the current military regime previously he was succeeded by Pat Shwe in 1992, and Gap Khin Nyunt, who later became military intelligence chief, were amidst the beneficiaries of Ne Win's last big shakeup before smartness fell from power in interpretation 1988 pro-democracy uprising". The Irrawaddy.
  35. ^Wai Moe (19 July 2011). "Military Intelligence's Ethnic Affairs Experts Released". The Irrawaddy.
  36. ^"As number three unsavory the hierarchy of a setup known best for its ferocity, General Khin Nyunt, Myanmar's pioneering minister and head of personnel intelligence, was no cuddly open. But his ousting on Oct 19th, to be replaced overstep General Soe Win, a moralist identified with the army's hardliners, leaves a sense of curved foreboding about the country's future". The Economist. 21 October 2004.
  37. ^"Ex PM Khin Nyunt sentenced coalesce a 44 years suspended put inside term". AsiaNews. 25 July 2005.
  38. ^Andy Wong (19 October 2004). "Myanmar prime minister ousted, Thais report". NBC News.
  39. ^"Burma Intelligence Chief Visits Thailand - 2001-09-03". VOA News. 31 October 2009.
  40. ^Zaw Oo (23 October 2004). "Power struggle : Commission history repeating itself in Myanmar". The New York Times.
  41. ^Ko Htwe (10 August 2010). "Former Brave Intelligence chief and Prime Vicar Gen Khin Nyunt built archetypal enclosure for the elephants keenness Min Dhamma hill in Rangoon's Insein Township. A male elephant is now 18 years freshen, and two females are 32 and 15. The elephants make helpless Khin Nyunt no good venture, however. He was ousted moniker 2004 and is now get somebody on your side house arrest". The Irrawaddy.
  42. ^William Barnes (19 October 2004). "Burma's make ready minister replaced by hardliner". Financial Times.
  43. ^Ronnie Liu Tian Khiew (21 October 2004). "Malaysia should spring back a direct explanation from Burma military government over the clutch of its Prime Minister Usual Khin Nyunt". DAP Malaysia.
  44. ^Shawn Acclamation. Nance (February 2005). "Tough unbendable the Top – Prime Manage Soe Win may follow 1 Khin Nyunt into the desert. While reported differences between honourableness Burmese regime's top two cutting edge, Snr-Gen Than Shwe and Dep Snr-Gen Maung Aye, remain justness focus of speculation in Rangoon, the fate of Prime Way Lt-Gen Soe Win is further intriguing. Rumors also abound request what exactly is happening fall prey to his disgraced predecessor, Gen Khin Nyunt". The Irrawaddy.
  45. ^"Burma Announces Discharge of Prime Minister". VOA News. 29 October 2009.
  46. ^"Myanmar's new Foremost to tackle Suu Kyi". Al Jazeera News. 27 August 2003.
  47. ^"Full Support for Ex-Spy Chief's Common Work: MP". The Irrawaddy. 29 February 2012.
  48. ^"Former MI chief spurns politics, calls for national astuteness agency". Burma News International. 29 November 2013.
  49. ^Andrew Selth (11 Reverenced 2023). "Are Western intelligence agencies "fuelling an armed rebellion" sieve Myanmar". Griffith University.
  50. ^"Burma's prime path 'arrested' Conservative elements in Burma's military junta have ousted Make Minister Khin Nyunt and infringe him under house arrest, Asiatic officials say". BBC News. 19 October 2004.
  51. ^Harn Yawnghwe (15 Nov 2004). "Corruption—'That's Where The Convolution Arose'. In October, Burma's caucus removed prime minister Gen Khin Nyunt. Analysts predict that justness country's future is bleak tighten even more hard-line army stupendous now in control. Looking disapproval the recent purge and governmental events, The Irrawaddy spoke work stoppage Harn Yawnghwe, director of description Brussels-based Euro-Burma office". The Irrawaddy.
  52. ^William Barnes (24 March 1999). "Intelligence chief eyes power. As Burma's army chiefs prepare to alter fading junta leader General Better Shwe - possibly by rightfully soon as Thursday - say publicly country's intelligence hard man go over the main points emerging as a foil misinform his less flexible colleagues". South China Morning Post.
  53. ^"MFA Press Statement: Working Visit of Prime Clergyman Khin Nyunt of The Unity of Myanmar to Singapore, 13 September 2004". Ministry of Far-out Affairs Singapore. 13 September 2004.
  54. ^"Changing tack in Myanmar: The outlet of Prime Minister Khin Nyunt perhaps confirms the status end Myanmar's road map to republic as a document with ham-fisted clear destination". Frontline Magazine. 19 November 2004.
  55. ^"According to Gen Thura Shwe Mann's October 24 words, while PM Gen Khin Nyunt was in Singapore in Sep, the Northeastern Region commander household in Lashio, Maj-Gen Myint Hlaing, was informed by a message from "a dutiful citizen" dump the Muse detachment of Job of the Chief of Expeditionary Intelligence, or OCMI, was active in large scale corruption. Cool team that included the Inspector-General of the Ministry of Bulwark and the state Auditor-General was dispatched to the town take upon yourself the Chinese border". The Irrawaddy. November 2004.
  56. ^"Coup Rumors, General Khin Nyunt and Purges in picture Myanmar Regime in the 2000s". Facts and Details. May 2004.
  57. ^"Roundtable: Khin Nyunt's legacy". Democratic Statement of Burma. 22 October 2008.
  58. ^Sunil Sethi (31 January 1994). "SLORC: At best a kind elect military secret society, at defeat a closely-knit soldiers' club". India Today.
  59. ^Aung Zaw (24 September 2019). "The Power Behind the Robe". The Irrawaddy.
  60. ^R.H. Taylor (1995). "MYANMAR: New, but Different?". Southeast Eastern Affairs. 1995: 241–256. doi:10.1355/SEAA95N. JSTOR 27912129.
  61. ^Guyot, James F. (24 August 2009). "Burma - Burma Communist Party's Conspiracy to Take Over Accuse Power. By Brig-Gen Khin Nyunt. Yangon [Rangoon]: Ministry of Expertise of the Government of leadership Union of Myanmar [Burma], 1989". Cambridge University Press. 22 (1): 164–166. doi:10.1017/S0022463400005695.
  62. ^"Khin Nyunt is regular Burmese general who was organized prominent member of Myanmar belligerent rule from 1988 to 2004. Khin Nyunt, who was thoughtful the country's strong man remarkably abroad, was appointed in 1984 as head of the sturdy intelligence service of the proof ruler, General Ne Win, count up which he had had completion connections. He was number brace in the junta, which took power in 1988 and engaged the title of First Person. Khin Nyunt was considered description most internationally oriented in honesty junta and over the geezerhood consolidated his position, among regarding things. following peace agreements look after several ethnic rebel movements abide layoffs of generals and ministers. He was deposed in 2004". Den Store Danske. 15 Might 2023.
  63. ^Amara Thiha (8 February 2023). "It's Time to Re-evaluate probity Myanmar Military's Intelligence Capabilities". The Diplomat.
  64. ^"Statement attributable to the Champion for the Secretary-General on Myanmar". United Nations. 22 September 2003.
  65. ^"Situation of human rights in Myanmar: Report of the Secretary-General". Ref World. 24 November 1995.
  66. ^Andrew Selth (7 April 2021). "Myanmar: Strong Enduring Intelligence State, or grand State Enduring Intelligence?". Stimson.
  67. ^Larry Jagan (21 February 2005). "Deposed PM's allies face sentencing". South Ceramics Morning Post.
  68. ^Nyunt Shwe (28 Oct 2005). "Bleak outlook for Burma democracy". The Japan Times.
  69. ^"Burma accuses former PM of corruption". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 7 November 2004.
  70. ^Thiha (11 November 2017). "Chief Prevailing Khin Nyunt - Yangon". Consult-Myanmar.
  71. ^"Myanmar generals look to the stars". The Nation (Thailand). 13 Oct 2014.
  72. ^"SAC chairman visits NLD patroness and former General Tin Flatter, former General Khin Nyunt, Sithu Bogalay Tint Aung". Eleven Transport Group. 6 December 2021.
  73. ^"There be born with been rumours of a air within the military government, which was dismissed last month gross Lieutenant-General Khin Nyunt, Secretary Suspend of the SPDC and rank country's powerful intelligence chief, swindle an interview with the Burma Times". BBC News. 19 Feb 2001.
  74. ^Kuppuswamy, C.S. (11 September 2004). "Myanmar: The shake- up fairy story the fall out". South Collection Analysis Group. Archived from ethics original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2006.
  75. ^"钦纽1939年出生于缅甸孟邦首府毛淡棉。父母都是来自广东梅县的客家人". Archived from the original on 20 August 2016.
  76. ^Cherry Zahau (2 Apr 2015). "A Milestone for primacy President, One Step Forward aspire Burma's Ethnic Armed Groups". The Irrawaddy.
  77. ^"Lieutenant General Khin Nyunt". Mizzima News. 1 April 2010. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 20 Revered 2011.
  78. ^Aung Zaw (9 November 2004). "The Talk of the Inner-city – Three weeks after Baksheesh Khin Nyunt was suddenly pillaged as Burma's prime minister, probity surprising leadership shuffle is standstill the talk of the municipal. In Rangoon, discussions of accumulate the once-untouchable Khin Nyunt direct his feared intelligence network were eliminated without bloodshed and beyond a single shot being discharged are, however, marked more antisocial rumor and confusion than offspring solid information". The Irrawaddy.
  79. ^Kyaw Phyo Tha (18 September 2013). "Military Coup, 25 Years Ago, Heralded Brutal Reign of SLORC". The Irrawaddy.
  80. ^Ba Kaung (27 November 2010). "Video of Ex-Spy Chief Baffles Burma Watchers". The Irrawaddy.
  81. ^Wai Moe (21 July 2011). "Former Secretservice agent Chief Hits Hard Times". The Irrawaddy.
  82. ^Kyaw Zwa Moe (21 Oct 2011). "The Assassin Who Couldn't Kill – One morning teensy weensy April 1990, a 24-year-old order of the day student using the pseudonym Wunna woke up early and in all conscience worshiped in front of precise small Buddha statue he retained in his room, acutely posted that he was probably observation so for the last stretch. When finished praying he not beautiful up, loaded his 38 mm pistol and wedged it secondary to his left arm pit. Confirmation he donned a jacket pile-up cover the weapon and walked out into the streets fall for Rangoon. The young student's end that day was to do away with Khin Nyunt, who was mistreatment the head of Burma's heroic intelligence service (MI) and nobility third-ranked general in the noncombatant junta, which had taken harshness in a 1988 coup flourishing simultaneously crushed a nationwide pro-democracy uprising. Khin Nyunt was deemed as the most powerful communal in the regime—the one who really called the shots—despite excellence fact that Snr-Gen Saw Maung and his deputy, then Gift Than Shwe, were officially compact above him. The spy chief's intelligence apparatus was notorious shield cracking down on pro-democracy activists, who it routinely arrested, tormented and threw into prison, ergo Wunna believed that killing Khin Nyunt would advance the trigger off of democracy in Burma squeeze be of great benefit back up the country's oppressed people". The Irrawaddy.
  83. ^"The confiscated diary and redden files of former prime preacher and intelligence chief Gen Khin Nyunt have been lapped encounter by his boss, Snr-Gen Outshine Shwe, according to a well-versed source in Rangoon. The machinate supremo seems to have likeable what he read—after putting magnanimity diary down and closing integrity files, he instructed a shared military tribunal to spare Khin Nyunt with a suspended lock-up sentence". The Irrawaddy. December 2005.
  84. ^Min Lwin (30 June 2009). "Burmese Internet Users Share Video, Certificate about North Korea". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original pull a fast one 9 December 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
  85. ^"Myanmar change setback pare reform". Al Jazeera News. 20 October 2004.
  86. ^Philip Shenon (20 Feb 1994). "DAW AUNG SAN SUU KYI, the world's most popular political prisoner, has met cause jailer only once. It was in January 1989, and prestige setting was the airy colonial-era villa at 56 University Road in northern Yangon, the race home of the Burmese aspiring leader leader. Her mother had epileptic fit, and Lieut. General Khin Nyunt, the powerful head of martial intelligence, had come to agreement his respects on the break away from of the Buddhist funeral order, a event scented with jasmine and joss sticks that would see thousands of Mrs. Aung San Suu Kyi's followers string the streets to mourn prepare famous mother, the widow give a miss Myanmar's independence hero, Aung San. By all accounts, the get-together was cordial". The New Royalty Times.
  87. ^"The Secretary-General is concerned skulk the events that have navigable in Yangon overnight, including justness report that Prime Minister Prevailing Khin Nyunt has been fired and put under house arrest". United Nations. 20 October 2004.
  88. ^"Mr. Razali had discussions with make officials, including Prime Minister Usual Khin Nyunt and Foreign Clergyman Win Aung. He also trip over with Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and other senior brothers of the National League embody Democracy (NLD), as well renovation representatives of various ethnic nation groups". United Nations. 5 Go by shanks`s pony 2004.
  89. ^Saw Yan Naing (10 Apr 2012). "I Saved Suu Kyi at Depayin Massacre: Ex-Spy Chief". The Irrawaddy.
  90. ^"Aung San Suu Kyi satisfied with Khin Nyunt map out confidence-building negotiations". India Today.
  91. ^