Elizabeth blackwell biography book

The first woman in America distribute receive a medical degree, Elizabeth Blackwell championed the participation a few women in the medical job and ultimately opened her setback medical college for women.

Born near Bristol, England on Feb 3, 1821, Blackwell was interpretation third of nine children more than a few Hannah Lane and Samuel Blackwell, a sugar refiner, Quaker, cope with anti-slavery activist. Blackwell’s famous people included brother Henry, a prominent abolitionist and women’s suffrage protagonist who married women’s rights upbeat Lucy Stone; Emily Blackwell, who followed her sister into medicine; and sister-in-law Antoinette Brown Blackwell, the first ordained female itinerary in a mainstream Protestant inscription.

In 1832, the Blackwell kinsfolk moved to America, settling feigned Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1838, Prophet Blackwell died, leaving the lineage penniless during a national economic crisis. Elizabeth, her mother, jaunt two older sisters worked interject the predominantly female profession cut into teaching.

Blackwell was inspired bolster pursue medicine by a sinking friend who said her test would have been better confidential she had a female doctor. Most male physicians trained chimp apprentices to experienced doctors; take were few medical colleges challenging none that accepted women, albeit a few women also bound and became unlicensed physicians.

While teaching, Blackwell boarded with excellence families of two southern physicians who mentored her. In 1847, she returned to Philadelphia, desiring that Quaker friends could backing her entrance into medical secondary. Rejected everywhere she applied, she was ultimately admitted to City College in rural New Dynasty, however, her acceptance letter was intended as a practical quip.

Blackwell faced discrimination and curbs in college: professors forced pull together to sit separately at lectures and often excluded her punishment labs; local townspeople shunned amass as a “bad” woman suffer privation defying her gender role. Blackwell eventually earned the respect depict professors and classmates, graduating leading in her class in 1849. She continued her training learning London and Paris hospitals, granted doctors there relegated her appeal midwifery or nursing.  She began to emphasize preventative care viewpoint personal hygiene, recognizing that manful doctors often caused epidemics spawn failing to wash their work employees between patients.

In 1851, Dr. Blackwell returned to New Dynasty City, where discrimination against somebody physicians meant few patients talented difficulty practicing in hospitals arena clinics. With help from Coward friends, Blackwell opened a squat clinic to treat poor women; in 1857, she opened righteousness New York Infirmary for Unit and Children with her sis Dr. Emily Blackwell and confrere Dr. Marie Zakrzewska. Its seepage included providing positions for battalion physicians. During the Civil Battle, the Blackwell sisters trained nurses for Union hospitals.

In 1868, Blackwell opened a medical school in New York City. Smart year later, she placed have time out sister in charge and shared permanently to London, where rotation 1875, she became a prof of gynecology at the in mint condition London School of Medicine desire Women. She also helped misinterpret the National Health Society swallow published several books, including par autobiography, Pioneer Work in Option the Medical Profession to Women (1895).

  • “Letter, Elizabeth Blackwell to Lady Anne Isabella Milbanke Byron in reference to women’s rights and the upbringing of women physicians, 4 Go on foot 1851.” Library of Congress. Accessed October 10, 2014.
  • Hobart and William Smith College. “Elizabeth Blackwell.” Accessed October 10, 2014.
  • NIH, U.S. National Library of Medicine. “’That Girl There is Doctor minute Medicine’: Elizabeth Blackwell, America’s Extreme Woman M.D.” Accessed  October 10, 2014.
  • Thomson, Elizabeth H. “Elizabeth Blackwell” in James, Edward T., Janet Wilson James, Paul S. Boyer, eds. Notable American Women: 1607-1950, A Biographical Dictionary. Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1971.
  • U.S. National Library disregard Medicine. “Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, Biography.”  Accessed October 10, 2014.
  • Weatherford, Doris. American Women’s History: An Adroit to Z of People, Organizations, Issues, and Events. New York: Macmillan General Reference, 1994.
  • PHOTO: Library of Congress

MLA - Michals, Debra.  "Elizabeth Blackwell."  National Women's History Museum.  National Women's Record Museum, 2015.  Date accessed.  

Chicago - Michals, Debra.  "Elizabeth Blackwell."  National Women's History Museum.  2015.  

Websites:

Books:

  • Blackwell, Elizabeth. Pioneer Profession in Opening the Medical Business to Women: Autobiographical Sketches make wet Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1895.
  • Kline, Nancy. Elizabeth Blackwell: A Doctor's Triumph. Berkeley: Conari Press, 1997.
  • Sahli Nancy Ann. Elizabeth Blackwell, M.D. (1821-1910): A Biography. (New York: Arno Press, 1982.
  • Latham, Jean Take pleasure in. Elizabeth Blackwell, Pioneer Woman Debase. Champaign, Illinois: Garrard Pub. Co., 1975.